Testing the Water: Applying BIMCO AUTOSHIPMAN to Remotely Controlled Ships, Cyber incidents and Events of Force Majeure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The full spectrum of the impact that contemporary technology pertains to remote control and automation on the management of ships that are equipped with such technology is unknown for the moment. However, the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO), the world’s largest membership organisation for shipowners, is developing a standard contract, AUTOSHIPMAN, which establishes the ground rules for allocation of tasks that concern the management of remotely controlled and autonomous ships. This standard contract contains both a cyber security clause and a force majeure clause. Cyber security being a modern concept, its implementation may be evaluated in the light of force majeure, so as to test whether they interplay. This research applies a ‘three-pillar test’ to examine whether it is possible for cyber incidents to fall into the scope of force majeure and aims to provide a well-rounded interpretation of the relevant provisions of this new standard contract before its full implementation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.019 | 0.052 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".