MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort

Meta-Analysis of Social Presence in Higher Education Online Environments

2025· article· en· W4412351645 on OpenAlexaffvenue
David Mykota

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational journal of e-learning & distance education · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicEducation and Learning Interventions
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Saskatchewan
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPsychologySociologyComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study reports a systematic review and meta-analyses of the construct social presence in online higher education settings. The research objectives are to: 1) determine the overall impact of scale-based measures of social presence on student learning outcomes, and 2) determine the overall impact of scale-based measures of social presence on student satisfaction outcomes. A thorough examination of the research literature from 1995 to 2022 was conducted, employing a three-stage screening process to identify 53 studies suitable for inclusion in the meta-analyses. Utilizing a random effects model for analysis, the study investigated the two outcome measures with subgroup analysis. The results affirm that social presence has a moderate effect on both student satisfaction and learning outcomes, with no evidence of publication bias identified. In conducting a subgroup analysis to help explain some of the heterogeneity, significant effects were found for mode of delivery and for the scale-based instrument used. The paper concludes by advocating for enhanced rigour in research design to facilitate empirically validated investigations into improving social presence in online learning environments.Keywords: evidence synthesis, higher education, online learning, systematic review, meta-analysis, course design, teaching, technology, social presence Une étude méta-analytique de la présence sociale dans les environnements en ligne dans l’enseignement supérieur Résumé : Cette étude présente une revue systématique et des méta-analyses portant sur le concept de présence sociale dans les environnements en ligne dans l’enseignement supérieur. Les objectifs de recherche sont les suivants: 1) déterminer l’impact global des mesures de la présence sociale, fondées sur des échelles, sur les résultats d’apprentissage des étudiants ; 2) évaluer l’impact global des mesures de la présence sociale, fondées sur des échelles, sur la satisfaction des étudiants. Une analyse rigoureuse de la littérature scientifique publiée entre 1995 et 2022 a été menée, selon un processus de sélection en trois étapes, permettant d’identifier 53 études pertinentes pour la méta-analyse. À l’aide d’un modèle à effets aléatoires, deux types de résultats ont été examinés et des analyses de sous-groupes ont été réalisées. Les résultats mettent en évidence que la présence sociale a un effet modéré sur la satisfaction et les résultats d’apprentissage des étudiants, sans preuve de biais de publication. La réalisation d’une analyse de sous-groupe a révélé des effets significatifs selon le mode de diffusion et l’instrument de mesure utilisé. L’article conclut en soulignant la nécessité d’une plus grande rigueur méthodologique pour favoriser la validation empirique des recherches et l’amélioration de la présence sociale dans les environnements d’apprentissage en ligne.Mots-clés : synthèse de données, enseignement supérieur, apprentissage en ligne, revue systématique, méta-analyse, conception de cours, enseignement, technologie, présence sociale

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.043
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.112
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Meta-analysis · Consensus signal: Meta-analysis
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.043
Threshold uncertainty score0.226

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0430.112
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0030.002
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0160.047
Bibliometrics0.0140.011
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0060.003
Open science0.0020.002
Research integrity0.0030.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.059
GPT teacher head0.376
Teacher spread0.317 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designMeta-analysis
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueInternational journal of e-learning & distance educationSame topicEducation and Learning InterventionsFrench-language works237,207