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Record W4412366363 · doi:10.1080/10875301.2025.2529435

Evaluating the Impact of a Proactive Chat Feature on Reference Questions, Their Complexity and Subject Matter

2025· article· en· W4412366363 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternet Reference Services Quarterly · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicDigital Communication and Language
Canadian institutionsMcGill University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFeature (linguistics)Computer scienceSubject matterSubject (documents)World Wide WebPsychologyInformation retrievalData scienceLinguistics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study aims to investigate the impact of a proactive chat widget on the types of questions received and their complexity at the McGill University Libraries. A qualitative analysis of the proactive chat transcripts using coding for types and subject of questions as well as READ scale level was used in addition to a quantitative analysis of the pages where users accessed the proactive chat feature. The author determined that including a proactive chat feature on webpages related to research topics significantly increased the number of reference interactions as well as the complexity level of the questions asked by patrons. She also identified that questions related to law were the most common on proactive chat and that the pop-up on the law research guide was the most used which indicates that users received point-of-need help related to this topic. This is the first study to investigate the link between placing a proactive chat widget on research related pages and the increase in reference questions. Similarly, it is one of the few studies identifying the main referral pages for proactive chat and how it impacts the subjects of the questions received.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.848
Threshold uncertainty score0.500

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0020.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.060
GPT teacher head0.370
Teacher spread0.310 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it