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Record W4412580636 · doi:10.53103/cjlls.v5i4.224

Decline of Reading Culture among Students in Higher Education Institutions: A Survey of Juja and Thika Towns, Kenya

2025· article· en· W4412580636 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Language and Literature Studies · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicAfrican Education and Politics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsReading (process)SociologyPolitical scienceGeographySocioeconomicsEconomic growthEconomicsLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Primary school education is intended to inculcate in the learner basic literacy skills of reading, writing and simple arithmetic.The next level which is secondary education is aimed at identifying the career path the learner should pursue based on his/her ability and endowment.This ability is what informs the course the learner will pursue at the tertiary level of education.Higher education as contextualized in this paper is synonymous with tertiary education and refers to learning undertaken after secondary school be it in a college, TVET institution or university.The Study adopted the descriptive survey design.The location of the Study was Juja and Thika towns and their environs in Kenya for having a higher concentration of colleges and universities in Kenya when compared with other regions in the country.Triangulation of sampling techniques was used.The Study found out that less than 50% of students did not visit a library outside their institution to study or buy a personal book for the course they were undertaking.Further, over 50% of the students accessed the internet for non-academic content and went to the library only to study for examinations and not gain wide knowledge.The Study established causes for the decline of the reading culture that included poor foundation in high school and misuse of A.I. Finally, the Study recommended measures to redress the poor reading culture e.g policy changes on evaluation and regulating the use of A.I.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.211
Threshold uncertainty score0.987

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.038
GPT teacher head0.400
Teacher spread0.362 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it