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Directional Effects of Sustainable Graphene Derivatives on the Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Cement Composites

2025· article· en· 0 citations· W4412754703 on OpenAlex· 10.11159/iccste25.217

Why is this work in the frame?

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

Canadian venueIt was published in a Canadian venue.

No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame — the usual design — would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

The three-model screen

all 1,000 screened works →

All three models called this out of scope.

stratum: venue_new · design weight: 2684.25 (the sample is stratified; any rate computed without the weight is wrong)
Claude Opus 4.8OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

Materials engineering study of graphene derivatives in 3D-printed cement.

GPT-5.6 (high)OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

The study examines cement composite strength, not research methods or the research system.

Grok 4.5OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

Materials engineering study of graphene-reinforced 3D-printed cement, a domain technical object.

Abstract

This study investigates the anisotropic properties of a novel and sustainable graphene derivative, specifically a date syrupbased graphene-coated sand hybrid (D-GSH), incorporated into 3D-printed cement mortar (3DPC).The flexural strength of 3D-printed beams was determined after 7 days of curing by varying the loading directions, i.e. parallel and perpendicular to the printing direction for the mixes containing D-GSH, and the results were compared with a mix containing silica fume.The flexural strength increased when the force was applied parallel to the printing direction, which is due to better load distribution and stronger bonding of the 3DPC.In contrast, when the load was applied perpendicular to the printing direction, the strength was reduced due to weaker interlayer bonding.For example, a mixture with 5% silica fume showed a 25% increase in flexural strength when the load was applied parallel to the printing direction as opposed to perpendicular.On the other hand, mixes with 0.3 wt% D-GSH and 0.5 wt% D-GSH showed improvements of 11.6% and 9.5% respectively.As a result, adding D-GSH reinforced the layer interface and reduced the variance in flexural strength between the two loading orientations, thereby enhancing interlayer bonding in the 3D-printed structures.

Stored with the screening record, where it is evidence for the labels above.

The record

Venue
Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering
Topic
Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Field
Engineering
Canadian institutions
Funders
Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research
Keywords
Composite materialFlexural strengthGrapheneMaterials science3d printedCementManufacturing engineeringEngineeringNanotechnology
Has abstract in OpenAlex
yes