Analysis on the antioxidant capacities of four Monascus pigment components and their binding mechanisms with bovine serum albumin
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs) have been increasingly popular due to their natural color and bioactive properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. In this study, the antioxidant capacities of the four MPs monomers -ankaflavin (AK), monacorubrin (MB), monacin (MS), and rubropunctamine (RP) - were systematically evaluated using chemical assays. MB exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity. At a concentration of 0.50 mg/mL, MB demonstrated a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 56.14 ± 0.90 % and a total antioxidant capacity of 2.16 ± 0.01 μmol/L, equivalent to 390.69 ± 6.70 μM TE/g and 195.50 ± 1.00 μM TE/g, respectively. Furthermore, at 0.25 mg/mL, MB showed an ABTS·+ radical scavenging efficiency of 60.44 ± 0.39 %, corresponding to an antioxidant activity of 350.50 ± 2.28 μM TE/g. In addition, we conducted the first comprehensive analysis of the interaction mechanisms between red pigment (RP) and orange pigment (MB) with BSA. Multi-spectroscopic techniques combined with molecular docking were employed to investigate the binding interactions between MPs and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Similarly, MB and RP exhibited stronger binding affinity to BSA than AK and MS, suggesting a structure-dependent interaction pattern. This study confirms MPs as effective natural colorants and reveals their BSA interaction mechanisms, supporting the promising application of MPs as natural antioxidants and functional ingredients in the food and health industries. • Monascorubrin has the strongest antioxidant ability among four pigment components. • Monascorubrin exhibits higher affinity with BSA than other three pigment components. • Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bond dominate the formation of BSA-monascus pigments.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it