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Record W4412773635 · doi:10.1111/modl.13010

It's (in)escapable: Critically reflecting on a second language curriculum in a settler colonial context

2025· article· en· W4412773635 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueModern Language Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMultilingual Education and Policy
Canadian institutionsYork UniversityUniversité de SherbrookeUniversity of OttawaCapilano University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsContext (archaeology)ColonialismCurriculumSociologyLinguisticsPsychologyHistoryPedagogyArchaeologyPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract In this article, we critically examine the Ontario, Canada secondary French as a second language (FSL) curriculum to unpack the ways it both resists and perpetuates colonial, racist, and oppressive discourses. By engaging in this analysis, we aim to inspire language teacher educators to envision and critically engage with alternative, anticolonial, feminist frameworks that challenge dominant paradigms by developing critical reflection, contextual awareness, and fostering equity‐minded language teacher education (LTE). We encourage a shift from merely recognizing inequities to actively reimagining curriculum and pedagogical practices that promote inclusivity, equity, and justice in LTE. To launch our inquiry, we collaboratively examined the curriculum in NVivo to uncover what is said or not said using critical discourse analysis anchored within a feminist anticolonial framework. Findings reveal that, although the curriculum advocates for inclusion and diversity in its introduction, the document superficially includes diversity throughout without white settler accountability and avoids diverging from a liberal multiculturalism framework, allowing white settler privilege to remain intact. Discussion of the findings examines the implications of these illusions of inclusion and the necessity of critically reflecting on oppressive, settler colonial systems and pedagogies in language education and LTE.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.175
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.043
GPT teacher head0.481
Teacher spread0.439 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it