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Record W4412957949 · doi:10.1080/14767333.2025.2542124

Shadow facilitation: creating conditions for facilitator reflection and action in critical action learning

2025· article· en· W4412957949 on OpenAlexaff
Bernhard Hauser, Russ Vince

Bibliographic record

VenueAction Learning Research and Practice · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicOrganizational Learning and Leadership
Canadian institutionsImpact
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAction learningFacilitatorFacilitationShadow (psychology)Action (physics)Reflection (computer programming)Critical reflectionExperiential learningPsychologySociologySocial psychologyComputer sciencePedagogyCooperative learningTeaching methodPsychoanalysisPhysics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Critical Action Learning (CAL) involves a deliberate choice to engage with emotions and power relations generated by people’s attempts to learn. This choice recognizes that there are likely to be implicit limits to learning in organizations, especially where such learning starts to undermine established ways of thinking and working. One way to manage the demands of engaging with underlying emotions and power relations is to utilize shadow facilitation as a method for facilitator reflection and action. Shadow facilitation is the process through which CAL facilitators work with an experienced, independent other to reflect on their interventions within an action learning set. The role of the shadow facilitator is to listen for the emotions and power relations that emerge from reflection and to offer them back as information to support the facilitation of organizing insight. In this paper we present and illustrate the main ideas that inform shadow facilitation and reflect on the possibilities and limitations of this method for generating organizing insight. We argue that the value of shadow facilitation is that it helps CAL facilitators to work directly on the intense emotions and complex power relations embedded in and evoked by the facilitation role.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.020
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.053
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.020
Threshold uncertainty score0.105

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0200.053
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0050.010
Scholarly communication0.0050.006
Open science0.0020.013
Research integrity0.0020.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0180.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.266
GPT teacher head0.501
Teacher spread0.235 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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