Unveiling non-elite female knowledge: accusations of witchcraft and social networks in seventeenth-century Lisbon
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, aims to examined the acquisition and dissemination of magical knowledge among non-elite women in urban Lisbon through the analysis of denunciations, testimonies, and statements from the 1637 trial of Maria de Ortega by the court of the Inquisition. I argue that this knowledge was produced and spread collectively within semi-intimate circles and that local social networks, resulting from their presence in public spaces, were crucial for the commercialization of magical practices, serving as a means of economic survival for these women. Their life stories and oral strategies before the Holy Office reflect the accumulated experiences and social dynamics of urban spaces, highlighting how diverse forms of knowledge were acquired and utilized to their advantage. For these women, witchcraft and sorcery functioned as a form of labor.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it