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Record W4413225605 · doi:10.18280/isi.300603

Comparative Analysis of Four Programming Languages for Machine Learning

2025· article· en· W4413225605 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueIngénierie des systèmes d information · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicMachine Learning and Data Classification
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsComputer scienceProgramming languageArtificial intelligenceNatural language processingComparison of multi-paradigm programming languagesFifth-generation programming languageSecond-generation programming languageProgramming paradigm

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Software engineers often compare programming languages.Several programming languages are designed, specified, and implemented every year in order to accommodate changing programming paradigms, hardware evolution, and other changes.In a comparative study of Python, Visual Basic.Net (VB.NET), C++, and Java, we examine machine learning capabilities of these four programming languages.This field of study focuses on computers that learn from experience and use information to become more efficient.As a general rule, it falls under the realm of computing.The process of machine learning entails analyzing samples of data to develop a model that can make predictions without any explicit programming.ML models and frameworks have evolved into increasingly complex models along with machine learning (ML).A number of emerging technologies are becoming increasingly important as software machine learning advances, such as Python, C++, VB.NET, and Java.Comparing these languages can reveal several characteristics.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.936
Threshold uncertainty score0.369

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.297
Teacher spread0.276 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it