Agency in the Social World: Racial Bias Expectations and Perceptions of Social Identity Threat Reduce Intentional Binding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Social Identity Threat (SIT) theory suggests that the awareness of a devalued in-group identity can threaten self-related processing and subsequent performance via expectations of bias. We tested this assertion by studying the impact of racial bias expectations on a core aspect of self-consciousness and performance: the sense of agency, that is, the experience of control over one's actions and outcomes. Across a North American and international sample of racialized individuals, we demonstrate that recalling experiences of anticipated racial bias lowers scores on an intentional binding (IB) task, a frequently used index of the sense of agency, with the most pronounced effects among those who perceived SIT as a function of the recalled event. A third control experiment further demonstrates that recalling neutral experiences does not significantly modulate IB. These findings suggest that racial bias expectations and perceived SIT disrupt the sense of agency, uncovering an important self-related process that may drive adverse outcomes for stigmatized groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".