Asylum-Seeker Centres in the Netherlands’ Total Institution Characteristics and their Effect on Refugees’ Sense of Belonging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Based on in-depth qualitative interviews, we investigate how asylum-seekers in the Netherlands have experienced the shelters where they first arrived. We connect this experience to what Goffman calls “total institutions”: just like hospitals and prisons, residents are isolated, restricted, and supervised in the asylum shelters (AZCs). The results show that asylum-seekers feel marginalised, are often treated disrespectfully and with prejudice, and lose their sense of dignity in the overcrowded and isolated housing units. They experience the control element as most disturbing. We also ask about the long-term effect of this experience. Our interviews show that this first experience in the Netherlands causes problems later on in the integration journey. Refugees find it difficult to feel a sense of belonging in the Netherlands. We show how the initial reception in AZCs leads to a lack of belonging later, which can even translate to distrust of Dutch people in general.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".