Charge-Enhanced Hydrogen Bond and Brønsted Acid Catalysis: An Evolving Frontier
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In catalysis, both rate acceleration and selectivity are of central importance, and strategies to achieve these outcomes remain fundamental to advancing synthetic methodology. Over the past two decades, the merger of traditional catalytic paradigms with charge-enhancing elements has led to unprecedented reactivity in bond-forming processes with broad synthetic utility. These systems augmented by charge are increasingly attracting attention for their unique modes of activation. In particular, this review highlights and contextualizes recent advancements in charge-enhanced hydrogen bond and Brønsted acid catalysis that enable novel activation modes complementary to traditional catalytic platforms. Special emphasis is placed on catalysts such as amidinium, cyclopropenium, and azolium ions as well as cationic thiourea and phosphoric acids, whose charge-enhanced features have enabled transformative improvements in reactivity, rate acceleration, and selectivity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it