An IoT-enabled reinforcement learning-driven ground robot for precision navigation and smart interaction in dynamic environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autonomous ground robots are increasingly relied upon in dynamic environments where reliable navigation and context-aware interaction are essential. However, existing robotic control systems often rely on cloud-based reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks or static algorithms that fail to adapt in real-time to noisy, unpredictable scenarios. These models typically overlook the constraints of edge deployment and lack robust integration with human interaction modalities such as voice and semantic object awareness. To address these limitations, this work proposes a fully embedded, IoT-enabled ground robot powered by a reinforcement learning-based adaptive control framework. The system leverages Raspberry Pi 4B+ as its core computational unit, integrating MQTT-driven communication, multimodal interaction through speech and vision, and lightweight policy convergence for obstacle-aware navigation. A novel RL-based state-action pipeline is trained and deployed entirely on-device, ensuring real-time responsiveness without external computation. Experimental evaluations show that the proposed framework reduces navigation errors by 22% and improves interaction latency by 37% over traditional PID and A*-based systems. The RL model converges in under 2200 episodes, with stable reward curves and high reliability across variable acoustic and physical terrains. This study showcases how low-cost, edge-based robots can achieve high autonomy and situational awareness contributing to future advancements in resilient, self-adaptive robotic systems within smart and resource-constrained environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".