Feasibility of a passive tidal floating upweller system for the nursery culture of bivalve spat
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
High losses of juvenile bivalves, such as oysters, clams, and mussels, during nursery culture reduce the overall efficiency of aquaculture production of many species. These losses can be mitigated through effective contained nursery culture systems, which provide sufficient flow of water containing suspended food particles to facilitate the growth of juveniles, usually in an upwelling arrangement. Raw seawater can be used to provision upwelling nursery systems with flowing water containing particulate food, but it requires substantial energy input to pump large volumes. This study sought to eliminate the energy inputs for nursery culture by conducting a feasibility study on a tidally driven floating upweller system (FLUPSY) using a comprehensive simulation and experimental study approach. A passive tidal FLUPSY was designed based on established designs, followed by comprehensive computational fluid dynamics simulations in flume and ocean fluid domains. The results from laboratory flow visualisation experiments showed good agreement with the simulations. Field experiments further validated the simulation results, and the observed flow velocities mirrored those obtained from simulations. However, the results of both the simulations and experiments revealed that despite an upward trend along the inclined intake ramp, the flow near the spat location in the passive tidal FLUPSY was relatively low. As such, an optimisation study was carried out to increase the FLUPSY's outlet velocity, which showed that a three times increase in inlet area resulted in 62% of the incoming tidal flow being conveyed through the passive tidal FLUPSY. Nevertheless, the disproportion between the FLUPSY's inlet and outlet areas presents challenges to commercial viability. These results provide valuable insight into the feasibility of a passive tidal FLUPSY for bivalve aquaculture and underscore the need to further explore alternative active tidal FLUPSY designs to address these limitations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it