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Record W4414335200 · doi:10.1002/gsj.1527

Subsidiary‐level performance comparisons with external versus internal peers and subsidiary termination decisions: The role of host country experience

2025· article· en· W4414335200 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueGlobal Strategy Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicCorporate Finance and Governance
Canadian institutionsConcordia University
FundersJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceKorea University
KeywordsSubsidiaryMultinational corporationSurvey data collectionParent companyHost (biology)Social comparison theoryEmerging markets

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Research Summary We examine how a subsidiary's host country experience affects the way in which multinational corporations' (MNCs) subsidiary termination decisions are geared toward subsidiary‐level social performance comparisons. For a subsidiary, social comparisons can be made against external peer subsidiaries (in the same industry and country but under different parents) and internal peer subsidiaries (in the same industry, country, and parent) whose performance levels constitute external social aspirations (ESA) and internal social aspirations (ISA), respectively. Using unpublished survey data on Japanese MNCs that offer subsidiary‐level performance data, we found that a subsidiary's below‐ESA performance is a stronger predictor of subsidiary termination than below‐ISA performance. However, as a subsidiary's host country experience increases, the effect of below‐ISA performance is amplified and even surpasses the effect of below‐ESA performance. Managerial Summary A subsidiary's performance relative to comparable peers serves as a critical criterion for MNC managers when evaluating the subsidiary's efficacy. However, little is known about how MNC managers' subsidiary termination decisions are geared toward subsidiary‐level performance comparisons against different reference groups and under what conditions these decisions vary. Using data on Japanese MNCs, we found that a subsidiary is at greater risk of termination when it underperforms relative to external peer subsidiaries (in the same industry and country but under different parents) than to internal peers (in the same industry, country, and parent). However, a subsidiary's host country experience amplifies MNC managers' sensitivity to underperformance relative to internal peers, while having less effect on their sensitivity to underperformance relative to external peers.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.029
Threshold uncertainty score0.528

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.251
Teacher spread0.229 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it