Maple Syrup and Bacillus velezensis based Supplement: in Vivo Study of the Impact on Growth Performance, Microbiota Composition, and Metabolic Activity in Weaned Piglets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Post-weaning piglets often face digestive challenges and growth setbacks due to gut microbiota imbalances and increased susceptibility to infections and diarrhea. Various alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters have been proposed, including synbiotic supplements. Maple syrup is a source of prebiotic compounds, while Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a nonpathogenic microorganism with probiotic potential. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of a fermented ingredient combining maple syrup and B. velezensis as a potential synbiotic. The focus was on growth performance, occurrence of diarrhea, short-chain fatty acid production, and intestinal microbiota composition in weaned piglets. A two-week experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted with the following treatments: a negative control diet (NC); a positive control diet containing chlortetracycline hydrochloride (PC); a synbiotic supplement containing maple syrup and B. velezensis (SYN); and a freeze-dried maple syrup supplement (FMS). Compared to the NC group, SYN supplementation increased final body weight, average daily gain, and decreased the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). The results showed that dietary supplementation with SYN supplement increased butyric acid concentrations in the ileum compared to NC (p < 0.014) and increased acetic (p < 0.001) and butyric acids (p < 0.044) in the colon compared to PC treatment. Additionally, both maple syrup-based supplements favorably modulated the relative abundance of microbial taxa, increasing Oscillisibacter and reducing Campylobacter, among others. Our findings indicate that dietary supplementation with a synbiotic composed of B. velezensis FZB42 and maple syrup improved the growth performance of weanling piglets, increased acetic and butyric acid content in the colon and butyric acid in the ileum, and favorably modulated the intestinal microbiota.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".