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Climate modelling without irrelevant weather details: The Half-order Energy Balance Equation

2025· article· en· W4414708284 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueMATEC Web of Conferences · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicClimate variability and models
Canadian institutionsMcGill University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEnergy balanceScale (ratio)Focus (optics)Numerical weather predictionClimate changeClimate modelEnergy (signal processing)Balance (ability)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Uncertainties in conventional numerical climate models –as measured by the spread between competing models - have for the first time in over four decades increased (IPCC, AR6, 2021). This approach is in crisis and the community is increasingly turning to Machine Learning i.e. to black boxes that “emulate” the standard (nearly) black box climate models. The root problem is that these models are based in the weather regime, i.e. they spend almost all their effort calculating irrelevant weather details. In this paper we summarize recent developments in a multidecadal effort to develop new models focused on the relevant details. We focus on the Half-order Energy Balance Equation (HEBE), that currently is the most promising candidate. It is based conservation laws (energy) and scale symmetries (scaling) and can already make low uncertainty hindcasts and projections to 2100.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.672
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.027
GPT teacher head0.245
Teacher spread0.218 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it