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Record W4415008953 · doi:10.3138/gl-2025-0013

Gender-Neutral Language Practices by Nonbinary and Gender-Diverse Spanish-Speakers

2025· article· en· W4415008953 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueGender and Language · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGender Studies in Language
Canadian institutionsOkanagan University CollegeUniversity of British Columbia, Okanagan CampusUniversity of British ColumbiaUniversity of Calgary
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMorphemeMatching (statistics)AgreementLanguage acquisitionLinguistic diversity

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This article examines current uses of gender-neutral and inclusive language in the Spanish-speaking world to determine how gender-diverse speakers describe themselves and others within the binary grammatical gender system of Spanish. The linguistic data were collected through an anonymous online survey distributed to 141 LGBTQ2S+ organizations based in Spanish-speaking countries. The survey was completed by 132 participants who self-identified as agender, demiboy, demigirl, gender fluid, gender queer, nonbinary, or transgender. The findings confirm that neopronouns and neomorphemes are highly used and accepted by this population, with certain ones preferred over others depending on the medium of usage. Uniform agreement with matching morphemes is more accepted than mixed agreement with nonmatching morphemes. This study has implications for teachers and learners of Spanish in terms of acceptability and usage of gender-neutral language in various gender nonbinary Spanish-speaking communities.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.385
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.043
GPT teacher head0.363
Teacher spread0.320 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it