Effects of Hemoglobin-O <sub>2</sub> Affinity on Breathing and Gas Exchange in Deer Mice
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evolved increases in haemoglobin (Hb)-O2 affinity are common across high-altitude mammals and birds, but the downstream physiological effects of such increases remain poorly understood.In deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), the genetic variants of -and -globin in high-altitude populations are also associated with evolved changes in breathing pattern and the hypoxic ventilatory response, raising the question of whether chronic increases in Hb-O2 affinity affect breathing and gas exchange in this species.We tested this possibility in lab-raised deer mice from low-altitude populations by pharmacologically increasing Hb-O2 affinity over 4 weeks using cyanate.Treatments were conducted during adulthood and early post-natal development in normoxia to examine whether the influence of Hb-O2 affinity is life-stage specific.Breathing, arterial O2 saturation, and aerobic metabolism (O2 consumption rate) were then measured in normoxia, hypoxia (10% O2), and hypoxic hypercarbia (10% O2, 3% CO2).Cyanate-treated mice experienced pronounced decreases in P50 (O2 pressure at 50% Hb saturation) compared to salinetreated controls and exhibited corresponding increases in arterial O2 saturation in hypoxic conditions in both adults and juveniles.Total ventilation increased and metabolism decreased in hypoxia and hypoxic hypercarbia, but cyanate had little to modest effects on these responses.Effects of cyanate on breathing frequency, tidal volume, and the relationship between total ventilation and tidal volume (an indicator of breathing pattern) were also modest and inconsistent between adults and juveniles.The results suggest that chronic increases in Hb-O2 affinity have no clear and consistent effects on breathing pattern or the hypoxic ventilatory response.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it