Linking forests, coasts, and people: social media insights into sentiment and wellness perceptions in China’s nature reserves
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Forest reserves offer restorative and immersive experiences for individual psychological well-being. • Coastal reserves promote social bonding and relaxation through group activities and open environments. • Forests mainly support personal health, while coasts foster collective wellness. • Landscape structure and trail systems drive wellness in forests. • Climatic comfort and blue-green space are key for coastal wellness experiences. Nature reserves (NRs) are vital for ecological conservation and play an increasingly important role in public well-being in China. However, the social and emotional dynamics underlying visitor wellness perceptions across different reserve types remain underexplored. In this study, we analyzed a dataset of 549,682 valid comments collected from Douyin and CTrip, covering 474 National Nature Reserves (NNRs) in China between 2016 and 2024. Using natural language processing and StructBERT-based sentiment classification, we quantified the Perceived Sentiment Index (PSI) and identified wellness-related themes via Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling. We further integrated correlation analysis and SHAP-based machine learning interpretation to assess how ecological, climatic, infrastructural, and socioeconomic factors shape the Wellness Topic Score (WTS). The results revealed that forest and coastal NNRs received the highest levels of positive sentiment, with PSI values of 0.82 and 0.88, respectively. Forest reserves were most strongly associated with restorative and immersive experiences, while coastal reserves emphasized social bonding and relaxation. Spatial and temporal analysis indicated significant regional and seasonal variations in wellness perception, with forest NNRs showing peaks in spring and autumn, and coastal NNRs peaking in summer. SHAP interpretation demonstrated that wellness perception in forest reserves was primarily driven by landscape structure and trail systems, whereas in coastal reserves, climatic comfort and blue-green space ratio were dominant factors. Our findings provide robust quantitative evidence for differentiated health management in protected areas and enhance understanding of how digital narratives reflect and shape collective well-being in the context of large-scale nature–human interactions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it