A heat-driven disinfection technology for enhancing indoor air quality in HVAC systems
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) filters are traditionally deployed to control airborne pathogens. However, filters may accumulate microbes over time and become breeding grounds for pathogens. Any disturbance may release some of these microorganisms into the environment. This study proposes a novel, energy-efficient air disinfection approach employing recirculating warm air sequentially within two side-by-side enclosures to inactivate microorganisms captured in HVAC filters. An experimental setup assesses the impacts of warm inlet temperature and air recirculation rate within the disinfection units on the heat transfer performance of the system. Furthermore, a closed-loop aerosol wind tunnel accommodating the technology prototype has been constructed per ASHRAE 52.2 to evaluate the filtration efficiency and pressure drop at various duct airflow rates. The test filter has a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 11. The test filter reached 65 °C in about 3 minutes under optimal conditions and was maintained at or above this temperature for 10 minutes to meet literature-based thermal inactivation criteria. The total energy consumption per disinfection cycle was 0.11 kWh. During normal operation, the system maintained filtration efficiency equivalent to that of a standalone filter, with a negligible increase in pressure drop. In disinfection mode, the submicron particle removal efficiency decreased, while large-particle removal increased, and the pressure drop rose significantly (140 Pa at 2000 m 3 /h), but only during a short period (13 minutes), resulting in a minimal impact on the overall HVAC fan energy use. This study provides practical insights for HVAC system designers and facility managers on integrating energy-efficient disinfection technology into buildings to improve indoor air quality. • A novel HVAC filter disinfection system uses insulated warm air recirculation. • System performance tested in a closed-loop wind tunnel based on ASHRAE 52.2. • The technology achieved the thermal disinfection with high energy efficiency. • The proposed system does not affect filtration efficiency in normal operation. • Pressure drop increased and filtration performance changed during disinfection mode.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it