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Record W4415749922 · doi:10.14434/josotl.v25i3.36826

Mapping Metacognition: Uncovering Strategic Knowledge in Action

2025· article· en· W4415749922 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicScience Education and Pedagogy
Canadian institutionsUniversity of AlbertaMount Royal University
FundersMount Royal University
KeywordsMetacognitionConcept mapSophisticationRecallAction (physics)CognitionCognitive strategyAffordance

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

While concept mapping is widely recognized as an effective active learning strategy, it is still underutilized in higher education. The current literature in SoTL demonstrates the utility of concept maps but the means by which the learning benefits are realized are not well explored. This study focuses on two first year anatomy and physiology courses where nursing students utilized pre-structured concept maps, called skeleton maps, as an assigned weekly study strategy. In this research, we analyzed the skeleton maps collected from participating students for evidence of metacognitive strategies in use. We found five main approaches: the use of diagrams and drawings, color, highlighting, sticky notes (layering), and cross-referencing. Together, these approaches demonstrate elaboration and organizational knowledge, both components of metacognitive strategic knowledge that are at a greater level of sophistication than basic rehearsal. The strategies used by students also demonstrated aspects of the self-knowledge component of metacognition.Rehearsal was the main strategy that students reported pursuing (and the strategy observed by the instructor) prior to the pedagogical change. Overall, our results show that the skeleton maps significantly shifted the students’ approaches to learning and encouraged metacognitive approaches previously shown to enhance recall and organization of knowledge. This study provides insight into how skeleton maps can support higher level metacognitive learning strategies, providing evidence to encourage their introduction in content-heavy courses.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.011
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.363
Threshold uncertainty score0.697

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0110.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.134
GPT teacher head0.436
Teacher spread0.302 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it