Does pointing predict bilingual children’s vocabulary?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that children’s and parents’ pointing predicts monolingual children’s vocabulary, both concurrently and longitudinally. In this study, we predicted that children’s and parents’ pointing would positively predict bilingual children’s vocabulary growth in both languages. However, the strength of that link could differ depending on the child’s dominance, as parents often play a more didactic role when interacting in children’s non-dominant language. Children’s pointing might be a stronger predictor of their dominant language vocabulary. Parents’ pointing might be a stronger predictor of their non-dominant language vocabulary. Participants were 35 French-English bilingual children observed in free play situations, one in each language, at 30 months. Their vocabulary scores were collected at 30, 37, 49, and 63 months. As expected, children’s pointing predicted growth in dominant language vocabulary and parents’ pointing growth in children’s non-dominant language vocabulary. We discuss how parents’ interactional roles mediate how pointing relates to vocabulary growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".