Nationalism and the transformation of party systems: the cases of Puerto Rico and Québec
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Why do new political parties develop and become successful to the point of altering party systems in internal national communities where politics is most often structured by questions of self-determination? Puerto Rico and Québec, which are national communities internal to the United States (U.S.) and Canada respectively, are meaningful case studies for answering this question as challenger parties have undermined the strength of previous stalwarts. As an alternative to the traditional issue-based approach to party systems change, historical institutionalism suggests that parties embody the preferences, ideas, norms, and power relations of the time of their creation. As these features evolve, parties representing constitutional positions may become incongruent with new circumstances. The theoretical argument presented in this article is that the resulting tension between parties that represent constitutional positions rooted in specific configurations of one point in time (in the past) and these new environments typically yields some type of change.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it