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Record W4415974768 · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.260

Enabling Real-Time, Explainable DDoS Mitigation via On-Premise Large Language Models and Flow Analysis

2025· article· en· W4415974768 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueProcedia Computer Science · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicNetwork Security and Intrusion Detection
Canadian institutionsRoyal Military College of Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCorrectnessDenial-of-service attackIntrusion detection systemFirewall (physics)Cloud computingFlow networkApplication layer DDoS attackNetwork securityBotnet

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks continue to escalate in both frequency and sophistication, often overwhelming critical network infrastructures. While deep learning methods excel at recognizing malicious patterns, their lack of transparency undermines trust and hampers effective mitigation. This paper introduces a unified, on-premise pipeline that integrates an advanced flow based attack classifier with a local large language model (LLM) to deliver explainable, real-time DDoS defense. The proposed approach detects threats at the flow level, rapidly fags suspicious traffic, and then generates human-readable analyses and device specific countermeasures ranging from firewall rules to intrusion prevention system signatures all without transmitting data of-site. Through comprehensive testing on diverse, large scale network traces, we demonstrate that this framework not only achieves near-perfect detection accuracy but also considerably reduces operational costs and privacy risks associated with external cloud services. Furthermore, evaluators confirm the clarity and correctness of the automatically generated mitigation strategies, highlighting the system’s practicality in enterprise environments. Overall, our results validate on-premise, LLM-enhanced DDoS defense as a robust, transparent, and economical solution for safeguarding modern network ecosystems.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.817
Threshold uncertainty score0.692

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.005
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.002
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.006
GPT teacher head0.235
Teacher spread0.228 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it