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Record W4416053027 · doi:10.1080/13523260.2025.2581772

Emissions reduction, military lands, and Canada’s defence policy

2025· article· en· W4416053027 on OpenAlexaffabout
Wilfrid Greaves, Andrew Heffernan

Bibliographic record

VenueContemporary Security Policy · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicDefense, Military, and Policy Studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of OttawaUniversity of Victoria
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDefence industryGovernment (linguistics)Greenhouse gas

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This article examines how states can reduce their defence-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the context of a deteriorating international security environment. It examines Canada’s defence policy as a case study for the challenge of reducing military emissions while defence spending and military operations are both increasing. We propose that in addition to other emission reduction measures, Canada should explore increasing carbon sequestration on its 2.2 million hectares of military-owned lands, coastal waters, and adjacent Crown lands. In the context of the polycrisis, sequestering carbon on military lands offers multiple policy “wins” by helping meet emissions reduction targets, enhance biodiversity, and provide opportunities for collaboration with Indigenous communities while contributing to important security needs for Canada and its allies. Canada’s vast size provides a comparative advantage for this approach, but it could also create opportunities for cooperation with allied states, demonstrating the applicability of military carbon sequestration across diverse contexts.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.113
Threshold uncertainty score0.823

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.003
Science and technology studies0.0050.002
Scholarly communication0.0040.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.244
Teacher spread0.223 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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