Cortical connectivity is associated with cognition across time in Parkinson's disease
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cognitive symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and have debilitating effects on quality of life and disease trajectory; however, the underlying brain mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the relationship between functional connectivity and cognition at multiple time points using longitudinal functional MRI (fMRI) and cognitive assessments from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI). We calculated resting-state functional connectivity across three distinct time points. We analyzed functional connectivity within and between three key cortical brain networks that have been linked with higher-order cognitive function in PD: the frontoparietal network (FPN); the salience network (SAL); and the default mode network (DMN). Global cognitive functioning was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at each of the three time points, and this was our primary dependent variable. Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that decreased FPN-DMN functional connectivity is associated with lower MoCA scores over time. A similar trend was found for SAL-DMN functional connectivity. These relationships were specific to cognition, as there were no significant associations between functional connectivity and motor symptoms, as measured with the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III). These findings suggests that cortical connectivity is associated with and may contribute to the progression of cognitive symptoms in PD. Our findings advance knowledge about cognitive changes in PD and emphasize the importance of functional brain network architecture.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.037 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it