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Record W4416265624 · doi:10.1080/08164622.2025.2579173

A look at literature on myopia over the past 25 years: a personal review

2025· article· en· W4416265624 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueClinical and Experimental Optometry · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicOphthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Canadian institutionsUniversité de Montréal
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMEDLINEScientific literatureWork (physics)DarwinismAlternative medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Over 100 years ago, Professor Foucher of Université Laval in Montreal (Canada) suggested that myopia was the result of an interaction between genetics and the visual environment, implying a Darwinian response to our changing world. His words are still relevant today. Over 30,000 articles have been published since he spoke then. Have his questions been answered? What has been learned from this body of research, particularly in the last 25 years? The purpose of this paper is to review the scientific evidence on myopia and to give clinical significance to the results and conclusions presented. It is therefore not a conventional review. More specifically, this work covers the major trends that have characterised myopia research, allowing us to refine our understanding of the mechanisms leading to the onset and development of myopia and to assess the effectiveness of optical and pharmacological methods for its treatment. This is a clinically oriented text that helps to understand why the strategies used to treat myopia produce certain results but also highlights their limitations. It opens up new perspectives. Science has indeed answered many questions about myopia. But it has also raised many more that need to be addressed in future research notably to facilitate the most accurate prediction of the evolution of a particular individual and his or her response to a given strategy.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.076
Threshold uncertainty score0.390

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.037
GPT teacher head0.470
Teacher spread0.433 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it