MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4416303757 · doi:10.1002/sd.70419

Meaningful Measurement of Sustainable Development or Gaming the System? Patterns in Submission to Times Higher Education's Impact Ranking

2025· article· en· W4416303757 on OpenAlexaff
Brandon Dickson

Bibliographic record

VenueSustainable Development · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicSustainability in Higher Education
Canadian institutionsBalsillie School of International AffairsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRanking (information retrieval)Sustainable developmentHigher educationSustainability

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT This research takes a quantitative approach to investigating patterns in submissions to the Times Higher Education's sustainability‐focused Impact Ranking. Testing hypotheses developed from the quantification, rankings, and disclosures literatures, this research provides a first‐of‐its‐kind longitudinal exploration into the Impact Rankings to understand the shape that submissions take along two categories: universities' responses to previous submissions and universities' own characteristics. The study finds that the universities that submit the most sustainable development goals tend to have larger student populations and score higher. It also finds that universities do not seem to target specific high‐scoring goals but rather resubmit the same goals and increase the number of submissions per year. This research will be of interest to researchers in the areas of disclosures, rankings, and higher education, and will also be of interest to practitioners currently working in university offices of sustainability.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.034
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.192
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Bibliometrics
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: Evaluation · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.996
Threshold uncertainty score0.178

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0340.192
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0040.006
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0060.003
Open science0.0010.003
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.332
Teacher spread0.312 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

Study designObservational
DomainEvaluation
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueSustainable DevelopmentSame topicSustainability in Higher EducationFrench-language works237,207