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Record W4416428905 · doi:10.1177/00914509251396996

Learning from the Drug Policy Curriculum: People Who Use Drugs Policing in the Context of Decriminalization

2025· article· en· W4416428905 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueContemporary Drug Problems · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicHIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British ColumbiaSimon Fraser University
FundersCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchBritish Columbia Centre for Disease ControlMichael Smith Health Research BC
KeywordsDecriminalizationPublic policyContext (archaeology)Possession (linguistics)Government (linguistics)Law enforcementCriminal justiceHarm reductionEnforcementDrug education

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Police officers have long been tasked with translating drug policies into practice; as a key public-facing side of the criminal justice system, they influence how drug policy messages are conveyed to the public through everyday enforcement practices. The government of British Columbia, Canada, received a 3-year exemption from federal drug laws to decriminalize the possession of small amounts of most illicit substances starting January 31, 2023. In this context, we explored what people who use drugs learned from drug policy as it was taken up into policing practice. We use constructs from curriculum theory as a framework to understand what policing explicitly and implicitly communicates to people who use drugs. We analyzed 40 qualitative interviews with people who use drugs in socioeconomically stable positions (housed and employed) in the first year of decriminalization in British Columbia to understand lessons gleaned from policy and policing in this policy context. Findings show that the formal curriculum of drug policy provided a sense of relief for many participants who could ease their fears of being labelled “criminals.” However, the way that drug policies were applied by officers in practice, making explicit a hidden curriculum, shaped how participants saw themselves and other people who use drugs in ways that were stigmatizing. Our research shows the value of analyzing the hidden curriculum of drug policy to illuminate how it shapes the way in which people who use drugs construct and position themselves.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.323
Threshold uncertainty score0.924

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.040
GPT teacher head0.318
Teacher spread0.279 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it