Experimental Validation of Free-Base Porphyrin Derivatives as Antifungal Agents against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Free-base porphyrin derivatives act as photosensitizers to form singlet oxygen, 1 O 2, a reactive oxygen species type II, and as such, they can act as antimicrobial agents. We report on an assessment of several neutral and ionic free-base porphyrin derivatives as potential antifungal agents by testing their effects on the crop pathogen Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea), both in vitro and in vivo . The free-base ionic porphyrins tested impeded the growth of B. cinerea significantly in the 5–30 ppm concentration range when exposed to light but not under dark conditions. This response is consistent with a mechanism involving the photosensitization of 1 O 2 (g), which was confirmed by an observed phosphorescence signal at 1275 nm. Among the free-base porphyrins screened, charged molecules were particularly effective, a property that is associated with their enhanced ability to interact with fungal spores. Interestingly, ionic porphyrins were found to be efficient against various strains of B. cinerea, including those that are resistant to common fungicides, which are routinely used in agriculture. As such, our findings suggest that ionic free-base porphyrin photosensitizers serve as effective and sustainable alternatives to conventional fungicides.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it