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Record W4417517168 · doi:10.1163/15507076-bja10052

Cross-generational Phonetic Drift in Toronto Heritage Tagalog: a Variationist Sociolinguistic Investigation of VOT in Spontaneous Speech

2025· article· W4417517168 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueHeritage Language Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicLinguistic Variation and Morphology
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
KeywordsVariation (astronomy)TagalogSociolinguisticsHeritage languageHomeland

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract This study provides a variationist sociolinguistic investigation of voice onset time ( VOT ) of voiceless stops in Tagalog, focusing on two generations of heritage speakers in Toronto, with the goal of documenting patterns of variation and illuminating the linguistic and social mechanisms that underlie variability. Data on Tagalog drawn from naturalistic speech were examined, and comparisons between heritage speakers and age-matched homeland speakers in Manila reveal that while VOT among homeland speakers shows no signs of change, VOT among heritage speakers demonstrates cross-generational drift towards the long-lag VOT of English, which may be accounted for by cross-linguistic influence. VOT variation is further modulated by gender and ethnic identity, suggesting that at least some variation may be explained by sociolinguistic motivations. Thus, VOT patterns among heritage speakers are a product of a complex interaction of language-internal and social factors.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.539
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.322
Teacher spread0.310 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it