Seasonal Susceptibility of Boreal Plants to Glyphosate I. Blue-Joint Grass and Black Spruce
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Seasonal susceptibility and posttreatment recovery of blue-joint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis [Michx.] Beauv.) to glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) were examined in a young black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) plantation. In 1990, two rates of the herbicide (1.1 and 1.7 kg ae/ha) were applied on July 19, August 1, 15, and 29, and September 10 and 29 using a backpack sprayer. Although differences between rates were marginal, time of application strongly influenced post-treatment cover of blue-joint grass. Compared to the untreated control, glyphosate applied between August 1 and September 10 significantly reduced cover of blue-joint grass for 3 yr after treatment and increased growth of black spruce for at least 5 yr. The optimum period of glyphosate efficacy corresponded to the end of blue-joint grass's full flowering and beginning of aboveground senescence. North. J. Appl. For. 17(4):141–148.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".