First Records Of The Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus Borealis) In Arizona, Utah, And Western New Mexico
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Geluso, Keith, Valdez, Ernest W. (2019): First Records Of The Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus Borealis) In Arizona, Utah, And Western New Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Museum 361: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15832263ABSTRACTThe red bat once was considered a single species with two subspecies in the United States. This taxon now is split into the Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis) and Western Red Bat (Lasiurus frantzii, formerly L. blossevillii). Due to generally perceived non-overlapping ranges in the United States and Canada, researchers likely have relied on distribution for identification of these similar-appearing migratory species. This study examined red bat specimens housed at the Museum of Southwestern Biology (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque) as well as a few other specimens in natural history museums from the southwestern United States. Herein, the first state records of Eastern Red Bats are reported from Arizona and Utah, as well as the westernmost record from New Mexico. Such records extend the known distribution of Eastern Red Bats farther west then previously recognized in the southwestern United States. In contrast, the seeming distribution for Western Red Bats is reduced in Utah by our findings. Identification of a red bat from south-central New Mexico was reexamined for which identification has been in question for years. To assist researchers, an external morphological difference in fur coloration was described herein to aid in the identification of these two species in the future. Our study brings into question the identification of red bats formerly captured in the western United States, as our “new” records from Utah were collected in 1937 and 1991, and the “new” record from Arizona was from 1954. All red bats, including recent captures and museum specimens, from west of the Rocky Mountains need to be examined closely in light of our findings. Recognizing how to identify these similar species will allow researchers to better understand their distribution, abundance, and migratory patterns, as well as provide better accuracy in call libraries for acoustic monitoring.Key words: Arizona, distribution, Eastern Red Bat, Lasiurus frantzii, Lasiurus blossevillii, Lasiurus borealis, migratory, New Mexico, state record, Western Red Bat, Utah
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".