Sex-specific effects of chronic stress on intestinal permeability and depression-like behaviors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic stress, the main environmental risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to intestinal barrier deterioration via gut-brain signaling in gastrointestinal disorders. MDD shows high comorbidity with gastrointestinal disorders including patterns of microbiome dysbiosis and inflammatory peripheral markers, suggesting increased intestinal permeability in these patients. We investigate how the effects of chronic stress can influence manifestations of intestinal permeability in both male and female mouse models of depression. The prevalence of MDD is two-fold higher in women, however, chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) experiments have been conducted exclusively in male mice. We hypothesize that stress induces changes to gut barrier integrity in a sex-specific manner, playing a role in vulnerability or resilience. Accordingly, mice were subjected to various stress paradigms: 6-day or 28-day chronic variable stress, or 10-day CSDS. 16S rRNA sequencing assessed microbial populations pre- and post-stress. Gene and protein expression analysis of tight junctions from intestinal tissues shows alterations related to the type and duration of stress with sex-specific effects. Furthermore, CSDS induces changes in tight junction expression associated with resilience or susceptibility to chronic social stress, corresponding to phenotype severity. Our results provide evidence for the effects of chronic stress in disrupting intestinal barrier homeostasis in conjunction with the manifestation of depression-like behaviours.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".