Dark Monuments: the Protest Narratives of Krzysztof Wodiczko, Janet Cardiff, and Michael Candy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper will examine how two artists, Krzysztof Wodiczko (Polish/Canadian), and Michael Candy (South African/Australian) working exactly thirty years apart (1986 and 2016) used the current technologies of the day to activate and politicise public monuments in Venice and Paris. It will show how technological developments - SatNav, web-streaming, and jet travel (all of which display dark auras under certain readings) enable Candy to expand the possibilities opened up by early pioneers such as Wodiczko (and to an extent fellow Canadian Janet Cardiff who will also be referenced). Wodiczko’s use of triple 35mm slide projectors to cast a skin of light over some of Venice’s major monuments (referencing both terrorism and tourism) find a dark soul mate in Candy’s Digital Empathy Device which he attached to the Goddess of Liberty Statue at the site of the Bataclan memorial in 2016, at the Place de la Republique, in Paris. A bomb explodes in Syria and the statue starts to weep. This paper will be constructed through interviews, made by the presenter, with Candy, Cardiff, and Wodiczko, between 1986 and 2019. It will argue that New Ideas will find New Hosts, as technologies and communications systems evolve. In the work of all three artists (Candy, Cardiff, and Wodiczko) elements of city planning to enable military marching between monuments; psychogeography; and "adventurism" are present. The work of all three artists is also situated between David Hume's Enlightenment philosophies and the counter-response to these as seen in the 2016 Edinburgh Art Festival exhibition The Scottish Endarkenment (curators Bill Hare and Professor Andrew Patrizio).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.034 | 0.036 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".