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Record W7043539912

Türk vergi sistemi içinde gelir vergisinin yeri

2004· other· tr· W7043539912 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueMarmara University Open Access System · 2004
Typeother
Languagetr
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicEconomic and Fiscal Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsQuarter (Canadian coin)State (computer science)Work (physics)Inequality
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

GENEL BİLGİLER\n\nİsim ve Soyadı: Recep Gülücü\nAnabilim Dalı : Maliye\nProgramı : Maliye Teorisi\nTez Danışmanı : Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Mutlu\nTez Türü ve Tarihi : Yüksek Lisans – Kasım 2004\nAnahtar Kelimeler : Vergi, Türkiye’de Gelir Vergisi, OECD Ülkeleri Vergi İstatistikleri, Vergi Yükü, Dolaylı ve Dolaysız Vergiler\n\n\n\n\n\nTÜRK VERGİ SİSTEMİ İÇİNDE GELİR VERGİSİNİN YERİ\n\n Gelir üzerinden alınan vergilerin, gelir dağılımı üzerindeki düzeltici etkisinden \ndolayı önemi büyüktür. Bu çalışmada, Türk vergi sisteminin temelini teşkil eden gelir \nvergisi, gelir vergisinin diğer vergiler içindeki yeri, gelir unsurlarının ne olduğu ve ne \nşekilde vergilendirildiği, gelir vergisinin kimler üzerinde yoğunlaştığı incelenmiştir. \nÖzellikle son dönemlerde gelir vergisinin toplam vergi gelirleri içindeki payının \nazalması, dolaysız vergilerin dolaylı vergiler karşısında çok fazla gerilemesi ile vergi \nadaletinin bozulacağı, gelir dağılımı üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olacağı düşünülmektedir. \nÇalışmada, verginin tanımı, verginin konusu, verginin gelir üzerinden alınması gelir ve \nkurumlar vergisi, verginin servet ve servet transferi üzerinden alınması ve verginin \nharcamalar üzerinden alınması konuları açıklanmıştır. Ülkemizde gelir üzerinden \nalınan vergilerde tarihsel gelişim anlatılmıştır. Cumhuriyetin ilan edildiği yıllardan \ngünümüze dek vergisel açıdan yapılan değişikler ve gelişmelere yer verilmiştir. OECD \nüyesi ülkeler ile Türkiye’nin vergi gelirlerine ait OECD istatistikleri irdelenmiş, OECD \nüyesi bazı ülkelerin (İngiltere, Almanya, Fransa, ABD, İrlanda, Hollanda) yürürlükte \nbulunan gelir vergisi uygulamalarına değinilmiş ve Türkiye’de gelir vergisi \nuygulamaları, gelir kategorilerinin ne şekilde vergilendirildiği, vergi hasılatı içindeki \npayı, kimler üzerinde yoğunlaştığı konuları araştırılmıştır. Türkiye’de yürürlükte \nbulunan gelir vergisi mevzuatına göre; gelir vergisinin konusu, muaflık ve istisnaları, \ngelir unsurları, verginin tarhı ve ödenmesine değinilmiştir.\nGENERAL INFORMATION\n\nName and Last Name : Recep Gülücü\nMajored in : Finance \nProgramme : Theory of Finance\nThesis Adviser : Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Mutlu\nDate and King of Thesis : Post Graduate – November 2004\nKey Words: Tax, Income Tax in Turkey, tax Statistics of OECD Countries, Direct and indirect Taxes\n\nSummary \n \n Income taxes have a great importance due to their improving effect on income distribution. In this study the following topics have been examined: income tax which forms the basis of Turkish tax system, the place of income tax within other taxes, what are the tax elements and how they are taxed, and on whom the income tax is concantarated. Recently the declining share of income tax within total tax revenues, the decrease of indirect taxes against direct taxes is thought to have a negative impact on income distribution tax justice.\n In the study the following subjects have been explained: the definition of tax, the subject matter of tax, taxing income, income and corporate taxes, taxing wealth and wealth transfer and taxing expenditures. The historical development of income taxes is explained. All the changes and developments that have been made with respect to tax since the early days of the declaration of the Turkish Republic up till now take place in the sudy. The statistics of OECD on OECD countries an Turkey has been analyzed. The present tax applications of some OECD countries (England, Germany, France, The USA, Ireland and Holland) have been touched upon; tax applications in Turkey, how tax categories are taxed, its ratio in tax revenues and on whom it is concantarated is explained. The subject of income tax, exceptions and exemptions, elements of tax, the history of tax and its collection is touched upon.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Scholarly communication, Open science, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.709
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0030.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0020.002
Open science0.0070.007
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0070.013

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.069
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.193 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it