Two Subspecies of Warbling Vireo Differ in Their Responses to Cowbird Eggs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using real cowbird eggs, we experimentally parasitized 41 nests of the Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus), three each in British Columbia and Colorado, five in Montana, and 30 in Manitoba, and recorded whether the cowbird eggs were accepted or rejected. Cowbird eggs were accepted at all nests tested in British Columbia and Colorado, but both acceptance and rejection were recorded in Montana. In Manitoba, all cowbird eggs were rejected (29 by puncture-ejection, one by desertion). The results suggest acceptance by a western subspecies of the Warbling Vireo, V. g. swainsonii, and rejection by the eastern subspecies, V. g. gilvus. The geographic variability in acceptance/rejection agrees with suggested taxonomic differences for the Warbling Vireo, i.e., that there are two species and that neither appears to vary in response to the presence of cowbird eggs in its nests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".