Reliability of isovelocity dynamometer testing of four movements of the shoulder and shoulder girdle in persons with spinal cord injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of using an isovelocity dynamometer for the testing of four movements of the shoulder and shoulder girdle in participants having a spinal cord injury. Ten people with quadriplegia and ten people with paraplegia participated in the study. The movements being tested included shoulder girdle (scapular) elevation and depression, and shoulder (glenohumeral joint) flexion and adduction. Scapular movements were tested using a standardised reciprocal protocol at an angular velocity of 30/s, while glenohumeral movements were tested using a standardised protocol at an angular velocity of 60/s. Testing was conducted on two days separated by no less than 72 hours, but no more than one week. Data analysis showed high reliability for all tested movements with intraclass correlation values greater than 0.9, and r2 values greater than 0.76. The protocol and the isovelocity dynamometer used is a reliable means to assess force generated in these movements by participants with spinal cord injuries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".