Glazed Ceramics from Karakorum : The Distribution and Use of Chinese Ceramics in the Craftsmen Quarter of the Old-Mongolian Capital During the 13th–14th Century A. D.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is a material based study aiming to supplement and extend the knowledge about daily life in the first Mongolian capital, Karakorum, during the 13th and 14th century with a focus on the city’s connections within the Mongol Empire. The materials analyzed are glazed ceramics excavated from the centre of Karakorum during summer campaigns in the years 2000–2005. The excavations are part of the Mongolian German Karakorum Expedition (MDKE) conducted by Prof. Dr. H. Roth and Dr. E. Pohl from the University of Bonn. Recorded for this study are 21164 fragments of various wares. As there is no pre-existing system of classification that can be applied to the entire assemblage of ceramics found, their distinctive features are defined according to methods of European standards for the study of medieval ceramics. Second to the definition of the criteria for the documentation of the glazed ceramics is their classification. It is worked out that most of the ceramics derive from production sites in modern day northern China. Furthermore, southern Chinese ceramics and few Central Asian wares are documented. Resulting from the classification of the glazed ceramics and their determination of origin is a chorological analysis of the routes of supply that are implied by the provenances of the wares. This is of interest as the distribution of Chinese ceramics on continental routes is a subject of discussion. Ceramics are generally listed as trade goods on the maritime Silk Road but not on the traditional continental routes. Although it is known that the Old-Mongolian capital is linked to the famous Mongolian postal relay system across Eurasia, further connections to the city and its supply throughout the political changes of the time is not fully researched yet. The nature of glazed ceramics as possible trade goods over land is analyzed through its use and distribution in Karakorum. Moreover, a comparison with the ceramics from contemporaneous sites is provided. This is Jininglu and Yanjialiang. Both of which are located in Inner Mongolia. Overall, this study provides the basis for working with glazed ceramics found in Karakorum. For the first time, these findings are correlated to a stratigraphy. Through this study continuative research on connections across China, resp. Eurasia, during the 13th to 14th century is enabled.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".