Design of Low Volume eCommerce Picker-to-Parts Fulfillment Sections using Model-Based Supervised Machine Learning
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Picker-to-parts e-Commerce fulfillment sections are still quite common for low-volume picking activities. This paper presents a design method to size such sections with the view to estimating their performance to help in bid design. A machine learning algorithm is trained to understand the impact of design, planning, and operational parameters on total pick distance. Numerical experiments with different machine learning algorithms are illustrated. The Random Forest, Decision Tree, Gradient Boost, XG Boost, LightGMB, CatBoost and a tuned Artificial Neural Network show the best performance in terms of error and ft. SHAP analysis shows that the picklist size, layout dimensions, seasonality, and the slotting algorithm are the features of the experimental study in descending order of importance. While this result may be specific to the data parameters chosen, it is important to use SHAP analysis to understand machine learning output.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it