Social Determinants of Adolescent Eating Behaviours: Findings from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Limited evidence is available on the eating behaviours of Canadian adolescents. We examined how eating behaviours vary by social factors in a large nationwide sample of Canadian adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (n = 13 605 adolescents aged 12-17 years). Gender-stratified multivariable regression models were used to test for differences in the likelihood of breakfast consumption, evening family meals, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) intake and restrictive eating by gender, age, racial/cultural background, parental education, household income, and food security status. RESULTS: Compared to boys, girls were more likely to consume breakfast infrequently, have fewer evening family meals, engage in restrictive eating, but were less likely to consume SSB frequently. Adolescents aged 14 to 17 demonstrated a higher likelihood of infrequent breakfast consumption, reduced participation in family meals, engagement in restrictive eating behaviours, and frequent consumption of SSB compared to those aged 12 to 13. Black adolescents were more likely to report infrequent breakfast, lower participation in evening family meals and frequent SSB consumption compared to their White peers. Adolescents whose parents had a high school degree or lower education were more likely to report infrequent breakfast consumption and frequent SSB consumption compared to adolescents whose parents had a college degree or higher. Lower household income and food insecurity were linked to adolescents' frequency of breakfast consumption, evening family meals, and SSB intake, but showed no association with restrictive eating behaviours. CONCLUSION: Disparities in eating behaviours exist among Canadian adolescents, underscoring the need for social policies that address structural determinants shaping dietary behaviours in this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".