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Record W7092178529 · doi:10.30541/v0i0pp.83-88

Making Sehat Sahulat Programme Sustainable

2025· article· W7092178529 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Pakistan Development Review · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicHealthcare Systems and Reforms
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGovernment (linguistics)PovertyPrivate sectorHealth careHealth servicesSustainabilityKhyber pakhtunkhwaUniversal design

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

AbstractToday, millions of people in low-income countries lack access to health services due to accessibility and affordability issues. Health financing refers to the “function of a health system concerned with mobilizing and allocating money to cover health needs. There are various healthcare financing models around the globe; the two broader ones are;The supply-side models provide free-of-cost health services in public hospitals, i.e., Canada, Taiwan, South Korea, etc.The demand-driven models encourage citizens to purchase health insurance, the government only partly finances the premium for marginalized segments, i.e., USA, UK, and many others.The Sustainability Issues of Sehat Sahulat Program (SSP)Pakistan has a mixed health financing system where the private sector dominates. Before the SSP’s emergence, the country faced a twofold burden: only 0.6% of the health budget as percentage of GDP, and more than two-thirds of the financing by households themselves.The federal government took a major initiative in 2015 by launching the Sehat Sahulat Program (SSP) in a few districts (excluding the KP province) to provide free in-door health services to poor and vulnerable segments having poverty scores up to 32.5 in the BISP database. At the same time, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) government independently started it in four districts. Until 2020, the program served only marginalized segments by using the BISP data. However, the KP government declared it universal in 2020, and the same approach was followed by the federal government in 2021. There are settled package rates against each sickness; however, the federal and KP vary over premium rates and treatment packages.There are five stakeholders to run the program; the primary stakeholder is the State Life Insurance Company (SLIC), which is responsible for all operational activities, including; onboard empanel hospitals, providing free-of-cost in-door health services, and addressing all service-related grievances. So far the program has enrolled 43 million families by covering 190 million population of country. More than 14.6 million individuals have used in-door health facility in empanel hospitals (till November 2023).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.008
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.960
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0080.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.072
GPT teacher head0.339
Teacher spread0.267 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it