Development of an eco-friendly thermoplastic composite material from waste tires and biopolymer
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The increasing demand for sustainable polymeric materials has driven research into eco-friendly alternatives to petroleum-based polymers. This study investigates the development of a thermoplastic composite by reinforcing bio-based high-density polyethylene (Bio-HDPE), derived from sugarcane ethanol, with functionalized recycled carbon black (FrCB) obtained via vacuum pyrolysis of waste tires. The goal is to evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of Bio-HDPE/FrCB composites compared to those reinforced with commercial carbon black (cCB) and assess their potential as a sustainable substitute. Composites with 3 wt% and 15 wt% filler were prepared and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical testing (tensile, hardness, and impact strength). Results indicate that FrCB acts as a nucleating agent, increasing crystallinity up to 65.1 % at 15 % FrCB and enhancing tensile modulus by 47 % (1844 MPa) and hardness by 15 % (67.58 Shore D). However, the filler reduced impact strength due to agglomeration and weak interfacial adhesion. Compared to cCB, FrCB showed superior compatibility with Bio-HDPE, yielding higher tensile modulus and hardness at equivalent loadings. These findings demonstrate that Bio-HDPE/FrCB composites offer a viable, eco-friendly alternative to conventional HDPE/cCB composites, with enhanced mechanical performance and reduced carbon footprint.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it