‘I have one in my Musæum’: Marmaduke Tunstall, George Allan, and the <i>British Zoology</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gilbert White spoke of his hopes that the Natural History of Selborne (1789) would inspire other ‘stationary men’ to join him in writing down their observations of nature in their immediate surroundings. In the north-east of England, Marmaduke Tunstall (1743–90) made a great effort in recording curious sightings near his estate at Wycliffe, interleaving his copy of Thomas Pennant’s British Zoology with extensive notes. These notes are now in Canada, largely detached from their original context. An eight-volume transcript was completed by George Allan of Darlington following Tunstall’s death. The notes were supplemented with additional illustrations, newspaper articles, and further observations and remain interleaved within a copy of the Zoology. This article follows a chronological approach detailing Tunstall’s and Allan’s connections to their local natural history community at the end of the eighteenth century, exploring the content of the two sets and their afterlife and demonstrating evidence that the transcript now at Windsor was used by Thomas Bewick in preparation for the History of British Birds (1797–1804).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".