Investigating the potential of <i>Anystis baccarum</i> (Acari: Anystidae) and <i>Orius insidiosus</i> (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) as biological control agents for <i>Thrips parvispinus</i> (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in laboratory and greenhouse cage trials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thrips parvispinus (Karny) is a tropical thrips species that recently spread across the world. Extensive plant damage caused by T. parvispinus results in serious losses for growers, for this species feeds mostly on young leaves and flowers. Among many host plants, peppers are readily attacked by T. parvispinus across its geographical range. Effective and sustainable control methods for T. parvispinus in pepper production are urgently needed. Among the biocontrol agents available in North America, Orius insidiosus (Say) and Anystis baccarum L. were chosen for this study because both species are known to establish in pepper crops and are able to kill all mobile life stages, including the adults, of other thrips species. We carried out comparative efficacy trials in the laboratory using sweet pepper leaf disks and in the greenhouse using potted sweet peppers. The laboratory trial showed that 1 adult female of O. insidiosus or A. baccarum can kill adult female T. parvispinus at a similar rate, with approximately 21 and 18 thrips out of 40 killed in 24 h, respectively. The greenhouse cage trial showed that releasing either adult female O. insidiosus or adult female A. baccarum at the rate of 1 per 2 plants resulted in successful establishment of the predator population and reduced T. parvispinus population by 80% compared to the untreated control. Further studies are needed to validate this finding in larger scale greenhouse trials without cages, including damage assessment and fruit yield data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".