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Record W7117542141 · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2025.12.010

Influence of gender equality practices and work–life programs on women in leadership, management, and nonmanagement: The role of industry gender composition

2025· article· en· W7117542141 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueEuropean Management Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGender Diversity and Inequality
Canadian institutionsWestern UniversityLakehead University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGender equalityRepresentation (politics)InequalityGender inequalityComposition (language)Gender diversity

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Gender equality remains a persistent challenge worldwide. Little is known about the impact of equality initiatives in improving women’s representation in organizations in different industry contexts. Drawing on the theory of workplace inequality remediation and signaling theory, we investigate how gender equality practices and work–life programs influence women’s representation in leadership (top management team), lower-to-middle management (LTMM), and nonmanagement, and assess whether industry gender composition moderates these relationships. Using a large archival dataset spanning 7 years, our 1-year lagged panel analyses show that work–life programs are positively associated with women’s representation at all three organizational levels, whereas gender equality practices are not significantly related to women’s representation. Industry-specific results indicate that gender equality practices enhance women’s representation in nonmanagement in female-tilted industries, while work–life programs improve women’s representation in LTMM and nonmanagement in male-tilted/balanced industries. Together, these findings demonstrate that while gender equality practices may be insufficient on their own and work–life programs serve as effective mechanisms for advancing women’s representation, their effects are contingent on industry context. We note theoretical and research contributions and practical implications.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.212
Threshold uncertainty score0.438

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0060.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.171
GPT teacher head0.322
Teacher spread0.151 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it