Economic feasibility of solar and wind energy harvesting in Karbala, Iraq
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study discusses the economic feasibility of investment in renewable energy comparing wind turbines (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) technology. Nine scenarios were compared according to economic indices namely Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PBP), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) using parameters like power efficiency, capital cost, and electricity tariff. By incorporating a 20 kW battery storage system to support night-time demand, and considering current market rates for investment, operation, and maintenance alongside local and international electricity tariffs, the study concludes that at an international electricity price of $0.10/kWh, wind turbine (WT) systems achieve an NPV of $43,674—approximately 1.5 times higher than that of photovoltaic (PV) systems ($28,764.5). In addition, the IRR for WT and PV were found to be 15.2 % and 16.7 %, respectively, suggesting that both technologies can be financially viable given favourable tariffs. The need for tariff reform, cost reduction, and efficiency enhancement to release renewable energy investment in Iraq is emphasized by these findings.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it