The Introduction and Background of Silla Old Style Roof-end Tiles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to define Silla roof-end tiles of the Introductory Period (新羅導入期 瓦當) and to understand the background surrounding their emergence. Until now, research on these roof-end tiles has primarily tended to suggest that they were produced under the influences of Goguryeoand Baekje lineages before being “Silla-ized.” However, for roof tiles of the Goguryeo lineage, aside from pattern-related connections, clear evidence proving their Goguryeo lineage has not been presented, and it was difficult to clearly set the time of production. Furthermore, beyond lineage and chronology, there has been insufficient discussion regarding the historical background: specifically, the purpose for which they were introduced within Silla and the historical context surrounding their initial use. Through classification and chronological analysis, Silla’s Introductory Period roof-end tiles can be divided into two types: Stage 1 Najeong (蘿井) and Stage 2 Mulcheon-Hwagok. The Najeong type, found only at the Najeong Well site and Wolseong Palace moat, co-occurred with late 5th–early 6th century pottery, corresponding to the urban reorganization policies of Soji Maripgan (炤知王), including the establishment of a national ancestral rites building (神宮) and the repair of Wolseong Palace. The Mulcheon-Hwagok type was used over a wider area than the Najeong type. This signifies that the range of social status able to enjoy tile-roofed buildings expanded compared to earlier times. The expansion of space increased the demand for tiles, and to meet this demand, the existing pottery production infrastructure of the Silla capital was utilized. It is important to consider whether the early tiles began with a single lineage of Goguryeoand Baekje to understand the formation and development of Silla’s tile culture. Scholars have debated whether the Najeong type tiles can be considered as “introductory tiles” since they were produced using watong (瓦桶). However, the discovery of tiles using watong discarded alongside early 6th century pottery, as well as an analysis of contemporary tile-making techniques in neighboring countries, indicate that diverse tile production methods were already in use when Silla adopted tiles. Observations of post-7th century examples further suggest that tile-making techniques were not linear and evolved with complexity. Early Silla roof-end tiles likely emerged from a composite tile-making tradition rather than a single lineage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".